
Great Hammerhead Shark

Average size between 400 cm and 500 cm, total maximum size about 610 cm. Very large hammerhead shark. Anterior head margin nearly straight, with a median indentation. First dorsal fin very long, erect and falcate with the rear tip in front of the pelvic fin"s origin. Second dorsal fin is high with a concave posterior margin. Falcate pelvic fins. Display a bronze to grey-brown colour with white ventral surface. Adults have no markings on fins, while in juveniles the second dorsal fin tip is dusky colored.
Can be found close inshore and well offshore to depth of about 80 m. This species favors coral reefs (continental and insular). It is a migrating species with some populations (off of Florida and China) moving poleward in the summer. The great hammerhead is a solitary, nomadic predator that tends to be given a wide berth by other reef sharks. If confronted, they may respond with an agonistic display: dropping their pectoral fins and swimming in a stiff or jerky fashion. Great hammerheads primarily hunt at dawn or dusk, swinging their heads in broad angles over the sea floor so as to pick up the electrical signatures of stingrays buried in the sand, via numerous ampullae of Lorenzini located on the underside of the cephalofoil. The cephalofoil also serves as a hydrofoil that allows the shark to quickly turn around and strike at a ray once detected. Off Florida, large hammerheads are often the first to reach newly baited sharklines, suggesting a particularly keen sense of smell. The favorite prey of the great hammerhead are rays and skates, especially stingrays.
Great hammerheads are viviparous. Females breed once every two years, giving birth from late spring to summer in the Northern Hemisphere and from December to January in Australian waters. The gestation period is 11 months. The litter size ranges from 6–55 pups, with 20–40 being typical. The young measure 50–70 cm (20–28 in) at birth; males reach maturity at 2.3–2.8 m (7.5–8.9 ft) long and 51 kg (113 lbs) and the females at 2.5–3.0 m (8.2–9.8 ft) and 41 kg (90 lbs). The young differ from the adults in having a rounded frontal margin on the head.
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